What is the primary function of the corneal endothelial cells?

The primary function of the corneal endothelial cells is to regulate corneal hydration. These specialized cells form the innermost layer of the cornea and are crucial for maintaining the proper balance of fluid within the corneal stroma. By regulating the transport of ions and water, the endothelial cells ensure that the cornea remains transparent and properly hydrated, which is essential for optimal vision. If the endothelial cells are compromised or damaged, the cornea can become edematous (swollen with fluid), leading to impaired vision due to loss of clarity.

While protecting the eye from infection, providing structural support, and helping in vision clarity are important functions of various parts of the eye and its related systems, they do not encapsulate the primary role of corneal endothelial cells. Protection against infection is predominantly the role of the tear film and the immune system, structural support is provided by various layers of the cornea and other ocular structures, and vision clarity is an outcome of multiple factors, including the health of the cornea but not solely the responsibility of endothelial cells.